6. 连接词的妙用
来源：托福上游
连接词和词组就象粘合剂，把句子顺溜成段落，把段落变成一气呵成的文章。 没有连词，文章读起来就象机械拼装的一堆单句，阅卷者的感觉就很差了。
连词例子:
1. To indicate a time or frequency or amount:
in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.
2. To indicate an addition:
additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also, further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner, in the same way, in addition to,
3. To introduce an example:
for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is
4. To indicate a contrast or difference:
although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise
5. To indicate a conclusion:
all in all, in consequence, in brief, as a result, the point is, in conclusion, therefore, hence, in sum.
7. 托福写作句子开头的多样化 来源：托福上游 作者：mary-yue
采 用不同的句子开头是使句子多样化的手段之一。我们造句及写作的时候不应该总是用“subject-verb-object”的结构顺序，而应该尽量用不同 的方式展开一个句子。不同的句子开头既可以美化句子，同时也能使句子与句子之间自然过度，衔接自然，以免过于依赖过渡词。在TWE考试中主考官对句子结构 的多样化也非常的重视，看看常见的句子开头的方法！
句子的开头可以采用以下的任何一种方式：
1 用副词开头，常见的情形有：
（1）副词修饰全句
Luckily, he didn't know my phone number; otherwise, he would bother me.
Incredibly, Helena got straight A in her school report this semester.
Interestingly, cats and dogs can hardly get along well in a house.
修饰全句常用的副词有：
obviously undoubtedly
apparently fortunately
clearly unfortunately
incredibly luckily without doubt, pay meticulous attention to, exhibit, intrigue, dedicate to doing, luckily surprisingly
frighteningly
这些副词大多数表示说话人对全句的看法，在意思上相等与“It is ...形容词 that ...”。
eg:
Obviously, he is nervous about the test.
=It is obvious that he is nervous about the test.
Unfortunately, he tripped over and fell in the mud.
=It is unfortunate that he tripped over and fell in the mud.
unfortunate
unfortunately
unfortunate
unfortunate
(2) 强调副词
Hurriedly, the man drew me a scratch map to show me the direction.
Dangerously, the drunkard sped down the street.
Slowly and gently, snowflakes were drifting down from the sky.
(3) 副词表示某一地域或某一领域
Geographically, Canada is the biggest country in the world.
Financially, she is independent, but emotionally she is dependent.
2. 用插入语开头，表示说话人的态度，或使句子的意思更加准确：
Strangely enough, Jennifer does not enjoy sunshine and beach.
Generally speaking, winter in Vancouver is gloomy.
类似的插入语有：
no wonder no doubt
in other words in my opinion
in conclusion in fact
as a matter of fact
spawn s
3. 用形容词、并列形容词或形容词短语开头，修饰句子的主语，表示主语的特征或状态：
Frantic, the young mother rushed out the door with the baby in her arms.
Tasty and crisp,potato chip are a favorite snack for both children and adults.
Happy at his good marks at school, the little boy skipped on his way home.
Desperete and hopeless, the poor man committed suicide.
4.用分词、分词短语开头：
（a)修饰句子主语，表示主语所处的状态或主语同时进行的另一个较谓语动词次要的动作：
Scared, the girl moved timidly and cautiously into the dark room.(状态）
Cgased by my dear pet cat, the mouse dashed into a snall hole.(状态)
Spoiled by his parents, the naughty boy always insists on things he wants.(状态）
Puffing and hugging, he finished his run.(另一动作）
Looking at herself in the mirror, she fingered her silk scarf on her shoulder.(另一动作）
(b) 修饰谓语动词，表示原因、时间等
Lying down on the couch, he felt much relaxed.(时间）
Feeling bored, she turned on the TV and switched from channel to channel.(原因）
Wanting to find out the business hour,she called the store.(原因）
Having completed the form, dhe mailed it out immediately.(时间）
5. 用介词短语开头，表示句子谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等：
On seeing him approach, the girl immediately turned her face to a shop window pretending to look at something there.(时间）
Around the corner, a crowd gathered.(地点）
Unlike his father, Peter touches neither cigarettes nor alcohol.(方式）
Due to the limit of seats, he was not accepted.(原因）
In case of fire, use the stairways.(条件）
6.动词不定式开头，强调谓语动词动作的目的：
To celebrate the arrival of the Millennium, we held a grand party in the hotel.
To show my trust om him, I deposited $ 10,000 into his bank account.
7. 用独立分词短语开头，使句子有正式的味道：
Birds singing in the tree, another routine day starts.
Sea gulls flying over the water, the old fisherman flung his fishing meat into the open sea.
A dog following them, the police searched every suspect.
8. 用过渡句开头，表示此句与上下句的关系：
Consequently, I slowed down to avoid a fine ticket.
In fact, she was a kindhearted woman.
9. 用同位语开头，表示主句位于动词发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件等：
A signing officer of the bank, Jane signs her name hundreds of times each day at work.
A TV addict, Jim watches TV movies one after another every evening until after midnight.
10. 用副词从句开头，表示主句谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件等：
When you are in need of help, give me a call.
Wherever you go, I follow.
Since your childen love hamburgers and fries, we might as well eat in MacDonald.
As if it were summer,everybody wear shorts and a T-shirt.
In case that you get lost, call me at this number.
11. 用名词从句开头，作整句的主语：
whether
whether
Whether you take the position or not makes great difference to me.
Why I am unhappy is something I can't explain.
What they should do about the hole in the roof is their most pressing problem.
从以上诸多句子开头方法与例句中，我们可以领略到句式变化之美。我们在写作的时候应该有意地运用多种语言技巧，使自己的文章有别于一般。
8. 托福作文常见错误23种
作者：amorz 来源www.gter.net ..
1.结构不平行 例：I was able to raise my TOEFL score by
studying hard and I read lots of books. 当使用连词将一系列的单词
联接起来的时候，应当使用词性相同或同一类型的短语。
2.不知所云 例：Many companies began using computers mouth.
3.段落过长，不分段 主语与动词一致问题 She are a good friend of
mine that I has known for a long time. 主语和动词在数方面不一
致。
4.句子别扭 We heated the soup in the microwave for too
long and the shape of the container changed. 措辞过长或不清。换
言之，句子显得滑稽可笑。
5.不要使用缩写 在正式的写作中不要使用缩写形式(can’t， don't，
it's， we'll， they've等等) ，而应当使用单词的完整形式 (cannot， do
not，it is，we will，they have等等)。
6.关联词语重复 Since I want to go to a good school,
therefore I am trying to raise my test scores. 不能在该句的主要
主语和主要动词前使用连词。
7.句子不完整 Many students have a hard time passing all the
tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high
school. 句子没有主要主语或主要动词，因为其实它应是一个从句。这是一个非常
常见的错误，修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。
8.不要使用get When I got home, I got tired, so I got a
book and got into bed. Get太不正式，意思也过于含糊，不适合用在正式的
场合。应将get改为一个更加具体的单词，如become, receive, find, achieve,
等等。
9.书写难以辨认 信息不正确 I would like to study in America
because all modern technology originated there. 传的信息不正确，或
者让人听起来觉得可能不正确（如果确实是正确的，应当解释为什么这样，因为读者
不认为是正确的）。上述例句中，all的意思是百分之百；我们不能绝对地说每一件新
东西都是从美国诞生的。为保险起见，应当使用many或most。 非英语单词
Computers are very helpful and advantageable. 尽管看起来象个单词，
其实不是，至少不是个英文单词。使用这个单词的另一种形式。
10.介词多余 I would like to discuss about something
important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We
went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first
came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here.
In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband. 在表
示这种意思时此单词不能与介词连用。这种情况常见于downtown，home，there，
here等词。这些词语在英语中是副词而非名词，因而不能在它们前面添加介词。
11.跑题或不相关 There are many reasons to buy a car,
preferably a nice car. 这个意思与文章的主题无关。
12.陈词滥调 It is okay for children to fail sometimes. 所表
达的意思很普通 大多数人都已经知道到了，因而就没有必要再说出来。
13.标点问题 I love animals. And I like to help them.
Because they are helpless. So I want to become a vet. 这是一
个非常普遍的问题！许多学生在句子中使用了太多的句号，尤其是当他们用手写的时
候。
14.重复冗余 Personally, I believe what the newspaper prints.
一种意思的表述不止一次，或者某个词语不必要。
15.单数/复数 Many year ago, dinosaur roamed the Earths. 单词
需要从单数变为复数，或者由复数变成单数。 单数可数名词 单数可数名词不能单
独使用，应该将其变为复数形式或者加上限定词（a, the, my, his, her,
Gary's, no, any, 1, 3, 50, most,等等）。
16.拼写错误 主语、动词或宾语有问题 I want to buy something for
my mother that she will like it. There was a terrible
accident happen yesterday. 句子的基本结构有问题 缺少主语、动词或宾
语，或者这些成分重复。
17.语气与文章不符 I was kind of mad at the guy who
vociferated angry words at me. I have heard many wonderful
things about such cosmopolitan cities as Paris, London, Tokyo,
and Hong Kong and I would love to visit these cities to
check them out. 语气与文章其他部分不相符 可能是过于正式或者太不正式。
18.代词指代不明 If people do not speak the same language,
it has a greater chance of miscommunication. I intend to
complete my studies in the United States because they have
good programs there. 代词所指代的指示词（介词所代替的名词）不清楚。
19.过于笼统 We should use our resources on Earth because
the Earth is getting worse. 句子或它所表达的意思过于笼统，不能提供
多少信息。
20.动词时态错误 Yesterday I will go to the store because
tomorrow I needed some food. 动词时态不正确 检查一下是应该用现在
时、过去时、将来时还是完成时等等。
21.选词不恰当 I was late getting home because I lost my
way. 在这种情况下不应该使用该词 可选择更好的词语或者所使用的词语与文章的
总体语气不符。
22.单词形式不当 I want to creation a great web site so
that I can becoming wealth. 所使用的单词的形式不正确 检查一下应该使
用该词的名词、形容词或副词形式的哪一种。
23.用词错误 Even I don’t speak Spanish, I was able to
find a bathroom in the department store. I gained a lot of
pounds during vacation. 用词错误或在此种情况下该词不是最佳用词。
托福作文引语和句套
9. 俺准备TWE的一点体会 近日拿到５月１９日机考的TWE分数，６分，算是对俺听力只有２４分的一点宽慰吧。回头想来，自己跟ETS纠缠了多年，深感托福的听力和作文是俺的命门。俺的这点感受相信很多人也会有共鸣。原因当然很简单，练得相对少呗。可能是俺天生愚钝，听力的进步如同蜗牛在爬。好在如今面对TWE时，已没有当初那种“欲言又止”的狼狈感了。
言归正传吧，结合俺这次考试的体会，和各位讨论一下如何考好TWE。俺从来不擅长篇大论，下面的内容相对其他N人的心经会单薄些，但内容却字字出自俺的肺腑。
写作实力是考好TWE的基石；为了自己今后的学业和职业，尽早动手，真正提高写作能力才是根本。有些人的想法可能是先应付完考试，再另外练写作。这种做法或许对很多人行得通，但俺是个惰性较强的人，非得给自己点明确的目标和压力才能认真起来。
回想这些年来，俺在写作能力上的提高是和备考TWE紧紧联接在一起的。第一次备考TWE时，提前一个月开始准备，大概写了２０篇，背了新东方老教材里的几篇范文，考了５分，信心开始提升，开始对英文写作有了一点感觉。第二次备考托福时，提前背新概念４的前十篇文章，认真体会里面的句子和用词，并学着在TWE练习里套用；更重要的是，俺开始参与Chasedream的TWE区，和Pumpkin, Snowmountain, Soaring等N人们以及诸多网友们一起相互讨论，相互修改，在助人的同时，自己的写作能力又提高了一个台阶。第三次备考也就是这次机考，主要是学习了部分机考听力中的talk文本，写了十来篇作文，并不断修改。
这几次准备过程，都是围绕着提高写作实力而进行的。因为俺相信，在今后的essay写作以及将来在商学院的学习和今后的工作中，没有实实在在的写作能力将会是非常痛苦的。因此，利用准备TWE的机会，下点功夫练习写作，是一件既有效率又有长远效益的事。
由此看来，俺的确是一个比较愚钝的人，花了这么长的时间、这么多精力才最终拿到一个令人满意的分数，写作实力的提高也实乃一个被迫的过程。现实的情况是，很多考友善于速战速决，希望在已有的写作实力基础上通过提高应试技巧来突破TWE。对此课题，TWE区中多篇N人们的心经里已提供了大量参考。俺就只是简单说说自己在考试时的具体做法。
一、 事先准备好模板，包括开头、结尾和每段的首句。俺的模板并不复杂，内容也不多（大概６０字左右），都是在前人的基础上进行了一些加法或减法，俺个人反对车轱轳话。对于如此看待模板以及如何准备模板，俺推荐各位看看hncsxj板主的高见。
模板是骨架，练了10来篇模板后，别人看的是一个有血肉的人。就连外交部发言人也用模板呢！背个模板就上，老师看到的是个骷髅，自己写的句子则是挂 在上面的几块碎肉。给2分不奇怪（当然不排除有惩罚性的因素）。至于尽量做到不露痕迹，老师看了那么多文章，就看不出你用了模板？连cd上大部分人都看得 出。但是，要是他觉得你模板用的好，不妨碍他给高分。但是，整段的用模板，尤其是无意义的段落，明显的plagiarism.
二、共写了５段，先写好开头、结尾，然后是中间的两个理由段，如有时间，最后写第三个理由段（进一步论证或让步分析，俺当时是进行了让步分析）。如此，绝 对可保证结构的完整，有条不紊地不断充实内容。俺打字不快，共写了３５０字左右。其中第一个理由段字数最多。
三、 至少要留３分钟检查，切记切记！！！尽可能消灭一切低级错误。
四、 俺当时的文章中８０％是复合句。没有办法，这是体现你驾驭句子能力的唯一途径。大部分的复合句都是基本的主从句形式，用了个别倒桩，强调句和疑问句。
五、 只用自己有把握的词和短语。俺用的词并不复杂，都是以前经常用的。注意同义词替换。
六、 两个理由段都各有一个举例。每段的写作逻辑也很简单：观点句＋进一步解释＋举例。
暂时就想到这些。既然是讨论TWE，那俺也来个结尾总结吧：
Based on what has been discussed above, we may reach the conclusion that 实力提高是根本，长句为主词要准，模板运用应合理，检查错误不可省！
10. 笑来所圈定的考前应急作文题目
www.xiaolai.net
议论文（4）
2. Parents are the best teachers.
27. People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing.
119. People behave differently when they wear different clothes.
162. Some famous athletes and entertainers earn millions of dollars every year. Do you think these people deserve such high salaries? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
简单说明文（6）
21. In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon.
24. A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What do you think this person would like and dislike about living in your town or city? Why.
42. What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
103. In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic (for example, honesty, intelligence, a sense of humor) that a person can have to be successful in life? When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the question.
139. What do you consider to be the most important room in a house? Why is this room more important to you than any other room?
172. When students move to a new school, they sometimes face problems. How can schools help these students with their problems? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.
比较说明文（5）
4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
9. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
14. Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.
33. You have received a gift of money. The money is enough to buy either a piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want to attend. Which would you buy
181. In your country, is there more need for land to be left in its natural condition or is there more need for land to be developed for housing and industry?
